Surveying Taskforce Final Report......... pg 6 Book Review.............................................pg 11 The Oregon May/June 2023 A publication of the Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon
Editorials From the PLSO Chair, by Tim Fassbender, PLS, PLSO Board Chair 2 From the PLSO Office, by Aimee McAuliffe, PLSO Executive Secretary 4 Featured Articles 2022 Surveying Taskforce Final Report 6 Book Review, by Renee Clough, PLS, PE, AICP 11 Columns Member Spotlight, by Vanessa Salvia 12 Surveyors In The News, by Pat Gaylord, PLS 14 The Lost Surveyor, by Pat Gaylord, PLS 16 On the Cover 3D laser scanning below river level at The Dalles Dam navigation lock. Photo courtesy of John Blaikie The Oregon Surveyor is a publication of the Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon (PLSO). It is provided as a medium for the expression of individual opinions concerning topics relating to the Land Surveying profession. Address changes & business All notifications for changes of address, membership inquiries, and PLSO business correspondence should be directed to Aimee McAuliffe, PO Box 230548, Tigard, OR 97281; 503-303-1472; execdirector@plso.org. Editorial matters & contributions of material The Oregon Surveyor welcomes your articles, comments, and photos for publication. PLSO assumes no responsibility for statements expressed in this publication. Editorial matters should be directed to Vanessa Salvia, vsalvia@gmail.com. Advertising policy Advertising content and materials are subject to approval of the PLSO Board and LLM Publications. The publisher reserves the right to reject any advertising that simulates copy; material must be clearly marked as “Advertisement.” For advertising, contact: Ronnie Jacko, ronnie@llmpubs.com; 503-445-2234, 800-647-1511 x2234. A publication of the Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon Executive Secretary Aimee McAuliffe PO Box 230548 Tigard, OR 97281 503-303-1472 Toll-free: 844-284-5496 execdirector@plso.org www.plso.org Published by LLM Publications 503-445-2220 • 800-647-1511 www.llmpubs.com Advertising Ronnie Jacko, ronnie@llmpubs.com Design Hope Sudol © 2023 LLM Publications Editor Vanessa Salvia Publications Committee Tim Kent, Interim Chair Pat Gaylord Contents Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon @ORLandSurveyors The Oregon Vol. 46, No. 3 May/June 2023
2 The Oregon Surveyor | Vol. 46, No. 3 From the PLSO Chair MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR This issue of The Oregon Surveyor is composed mostly of the report by the Surveying Taskforce 2022 that came together under the leadership of City Engineer of Portland Steve Townsen, PE, PLS, and by Pat Gaylord, PLS of David Evans and Associates Inc. This taskforce was formed to address the shortage of licensed land surveyors in the state of Oregon, and really, a shortage in all 50 states. You will read in the report many interesting facts, issues pertaining to the shortage, and suggestions on how to resolve this shortage of license surveyors. As you have noticed, since I have become Chair of the PLSO Board of Directors this year, I have tried to encourage and inform our members on the need to boost our membership of would-be surveyors and mentor them into the profession, along with reaching out to those people who may have an interest in surveying to inform them of our profession and the advantages of being a land surveyor. The old method of marketing our profession through working with survey crews during the summer has gone by the wayside due to the new technology of robotic field practices, which need fewer people (maybe only one) on a crew. Our new technology, on the other hand, has made how we gather our data and process in the office more exciting, so this has lent itself to making it attractive to the prospective individual entering our profession. This report will give us guidance on how to proceed with attracting new people into our profession. Please read this report and discuss it among your peers and let your chapter presidents know your thoughts and ideas. There is never a bad idea, just an idea that is not discussed. Tim Fassbender, PLS PLSO Board Chair This Surveying Taskforce report will give us guidance on how to proceed with attracting new people into our profession. The report has some statistics on how many licensed land surveyors are in Oregon and the breakdown of land surveyors by age group. I do have a few more statistics I would like to add that I received from OSBEELS. Since 2019 the average number of examinees is 45.8. The average passing rate is 31.5. The average passing rate is 68.9%. The average number of licenses issued per year is 19.6. As of March 1, 2023, there are 572 licensed land surveyors with Oregon addresses. There is a total of 776 licensed Oregon surveyors. Some of these nonresidents could be living just out of state but working in Oregon. Also, remember that a person can take all the necessary tests and wait for their experience requirements to be satisfied before receiving their license. Oregon Land Surveyor Exam Statistics Year How many took the exam Passed Received licensed 2016 - - 17 2017 - - 22 2018 - - 24 2019 48 31 18 2020 41 28 9 2021 49 30 36 2022 55 37 19 2023 36 not known 12 How to Send Us Your Work Please email the editor Vanessa Salvia with submissions. vsalvia@gmail.com Your submission should be in .doc format. Please send images separately (not embedded in the document) and at the highest file size available (MB size range versus KB size range—larger sizes are encouraged). Please include the author’s name and email address or phone number for contact.
3 Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon | www.plso.org ADVERTISING RATES STARTING AT $330! Advertise in The Oregon Surveyor! The Oregon Surveyor is the official magazine for the Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon. It reaches every member of the association and offers a great opportunity to target surveyors with your marketing efforts.
4 The Oregon Surveyor | Vol. 46, No. 3 From the PLSO Office Aimee McAuliffe, PLSO Exec. Secretary When Considering Membership Renewal As we get through spring and into membership renewal season, it’s often easy for me to think, “We have so much to offer—why wouldn’t a member renew?” I mean, I know PLSO is great because I think about it every day. I see volunteers like Renee Clough, Mike Berry, Russell Dodge, Jered McGrath, or Jason Martin represent us at events. I’m with the Board as they labor over points of discussion on what decisions should be made for spending association money. I receive emails about what’s happening in Salem that will affect land surveyors in the state. However, just as beauty is in the eye of the beholder, membership value is not determined by me. It’s not even determined the same way by each member. When chatting with a member I’ve known in various capacities throughout the years, I’m often surprised to learn what they do and do not find valuable. Sometimes the answers people give about what they get out of PLSO are vague like “friendship” or “networking.” If they weren’t ever involved, they are vague about the value they felt they received, but unsure how to quantify or verbalize their expectations. The truth is, if you are looking for tangible effects on your bottom line, it probably is hard to quantify. However, do you all benefit from PLSO testifying in Salem, friends you met through events sharing professional information, participating in partner task forces, or promoting land surveying as a profession? Yes, you do. What other considerations come to mind when you renew your membership? Advocacy — It’s hard to get individual voices heard above all the noise in decision-making circles. It is partly due to small businesses being perceived as “small fish,” or a fraction of constituents by decision makers, but it’s also due to a lack of understanding how these systems work, accessibility to specific decision makers, lack of credibility or perceived power, or just because most of you are busy doing your job. PLSO has its own lobbyist that has the contacts and skills to represent members’ concerns that allows them to focus on their strengths and achieve their goals. By being a member of PLSO, you can have a voice in shaping the policies and regulations that impact land surveying. Lobbyist Darrell Fuller regularly meets with chapters throughout the state and works directly with the Legislative Committee and Board of Directors. He serves as a watchdog for our interests and is there so you don’t have to be. Affiliation — The public often calls the PLSO office to ask about members and tends to prefer surveyors that are active in their professional community. They often equate professional investment with knowledge and credibility, preferring professionals dedicated to staying informed about industry developments. Bridges and Connections — It is easier to find and gain access to those who can help you achieve your goals when you are invested in the success of the profession overall. Members often benefit from the “6 degrees of separation” throughout the country and can be connected with mentors, vendors, prospective customers, and key stakeholders they might not otherwise meet or interact with in their own circles. Common Vision — The Board of Directors discusses and works towards a common vision for our profession. As a member you are a part of the “big picture” and investing in resources for long term sustainability of the community. This includes our current goals to address workforce shortages as more surveyors retire. Ways we are addressing this include social media campaigns, partnering with CTE programs, and promoting internship and mentorship programs. Professional Development — Attending seminars at the conference and your local chapter meetings keep you up to
5 Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon | www.plso.org From the PLSO Office date on professional developments and provides important professional development hours for licensure. Other opportunities include developing leadership, communication and teamwork, strategic planning, and governance. Serving on committees and the Board of Directors are valuable experiences to put on your resume (especially when it’s another member that’s hiring). Sense of Community — As corny as it sounds, most of the successful long-time members I know appreciate the number of genuine friendships they have made through their PLSO chapter. Being part of a rich and supportive community is important, whether it’s reaping the benefit of getting a professional question answered or simply bonding over drinks and field stories for happy hour. Visibility — In a world where people are bombarded with marketing, opinions, and junk mail, it’s easy to be forgotten or passed by. It is important to have consistent visibility in the marketplace. Being promoted in the Find a Surveyor Directory is one more place your company pops up on the internet for potential clients to find you. (If you are a Corporate or Lifetime Member and not listed in the directory, you forgot to check the box on your profile. Log in to plso.org to change this.) As I look over this list, the 2022 Task Force to address the surveyor shortage comes to mind on just about all of these points. The report is discussed in this issue and available in its entirety online at plso.org/ outreach. There are several reasons why we are experiencing a shortage. We often talk about our aging workforce, which has created a gap in the number of surveyors available to take on new projects. Other reasons include a lack of awareness. Many people are not aware of the Do you all benefit from PLSO testifying in Salem, friends you met through events sharing professional information, participating in partner task forces, or promoting land surveying as a profession? Yes, you do. profession and the opportunities it offers. Educational and licensure requirements have sometimes served as a barrier simply because it was not considered streamlined and varying state regulations. And of course, technological advancements have made many aspects of the profession more efficient, possibly requiring smaller crews and less time. However, going back to awareness, land surveyors are often thought of as the guy on the side of the road looking through a camera. PLSO is working hard to create partnerships with legislators, other professional organizations, schools, vendors, and OSBEELS to create and maintain a positive and efficient professional community in the state of Oregon. So please think about all this as you consider renewing your membership. And as you do, I am certain you will come to the realization that membership is certainly a worthy investment and one you’ll want to keep making. Ronnie Jacko ronnie@llmpubs.com | 503-445-2234
6 The Oregon Surveyor | Vol. 46, No. 3 Featured Article 2022 SURVEYING TASKFORCE FINAL REPORT TO ADDRESS THE SHORTAGE OF LICENSED SURVEYORS IN OREGON Editor’s Note: This is a slightly abridged version of the full report. In the full report you can find names and contact info for the stakeholders who participated in the taskforce. You can also find appendices with notes from the Communications Committee with ideas for the future; brainstorming input from Asha Aiello with AGC; Oregon’s Local Workforce Development Boards and Sector Partnerships; and AGC Externship Information. The full report can be found on the PLSO website: https://www.plso.org/Outreach. 2022 Surveying Taskforce Co-chairs Steve Townsen, PE, FLS, City Engineer of Portland. Pat Gaylord, PLS, David Evans and Associates, Inc., Surveying and Geomatics Market Leader, Oregon Executive Summary: The number of licensed surveyors in Oregon has dropped by 63% in the last twenty years. Of those remaining surveyors, 69% are over the age of 51 and 43% are over the age of 61! Very few students are graduating surveying programs across the state. Surveyors and engineers are both licensed by the Oregon State Board of Examiners for Engineering and Land Surveying (OSBEELS) and the requirements for education, testing and training is similar for both. However, engineers make 15–20% more than surveyors with similar education and experience. This must change or even fewer will pursue surveying in the future. In addition, McKinley Advisors recently performed a survey comprised of surveyors, higher education faculty, surveying students and high school counselors. The results of that survey showed that a large portion of surveyors weren’t exposed to the surveying field until after college/technical school and most high school counselors were not aware of Land Surveying colleges, entry requirements, careers, or licensure. Surveying is becoming the critical path on utility, infrastructure, and building projects. A shortage of surveyors affects the ability of landowners, engineers, contractors, and suppliers to complete projects in a timely manner. This includes all levels of our society from individual property owners, businesses (from a small business to Amazon and Intel), and all levels of government agencies. This will ripple across the economy if something is not done. As a result, a broad coalition of groups including surveying, engineering, design, construction, industry associations, licensing boards, community colleges, and universities came together to address and to improve the situation. Many of the recommendations have been implemented but work remains to be done. To get in front of the tsunami of retiring surveyors, we believe that PLSO and ACEC, working with industry, should lead the effort implementing the remaining recommendations and look for other ideas to get more qualified people licensed in surveying, both now and in the future. PLSO should rapidly refocus fundraising and financial investment efforts to support the recommendations that follow. The PLSO Education, Goals and Action Committee would be the logical committee to lead this effort with the support of the board and partnership with other organizations listed in this report. PLSO should also create liaison positions to both AGC and ACEC to partner and communicate with those organizations. Background: The number of licensed surveyors in Oregon and the country has been in decline and the design and construction industry is recognizing that surveying work is becoming a critical path on many projects. Without changes, this will have an impact on engineering firms, contractors, suppliers and ultimately the economy of the region and the country. Steps need to be taken to get more folks licensed in Surveying! The number of licensed surveyors in Oregon and the U.S. has been in decline. The information below was supplied by the Oregon State Board of Examiners for Engineering and Land Surveying (OSBEELS). Year # of Licensed Surveyors in Oregon 2000 2100 2011 1487
7 Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon | www.plso.org Featured Article 2014 1022 2017 963 (711 Oregon residents) 2018 875 (640 Oregon residents) 2020 774 (665 Oregon residents) Breakdown of Licensed Surveyors in Oregon by age groups: • 21–30: < 1% • 31–40: 10% • 41–50: 21% • 51–60: 26% • 61 and over: 43% The typical requirements for Surveying and Engineering careers are the same and are administered by the Oregon State Board of Examiners for Engineering and Land Surveying (OSBEELS). The requirements are as follows: • Obtain a 4-year degree in the appropriate discipline or gain the requisite experience without a degree. • Pass the national exam (Fundamentals of Engineering (FE), Fundamentals of Land Surveying (FLS)). • Pass the national exam, and in the case of Surveying also a state exam to become a Professional Land Surveyor (PLS). • These exams can be taken at any time. However, they must obtain four years of experience before they can receive their PE or PLS. The only school in Oregon to offer a 4-year degree option in Surveying is Oregon Tech (OT). At Oregon State University (OSU), people can get a degree in Civil Engineering and also fulfill the requirements to sit for the FLS. • OIT graduates 5–15 students per year in Geomatics/Surveying. • OSU has about 15 students per year from OSU’s Civil Engineering Department and another 10–15 in Forestry Engineering complete the necessary classes to take the FLS exam. • Anecdotal evidence from the past few years is that very few, if any, of the OSU students get their PLS given only 11% of people with a PLS are under the age of 40 based upon OSBEELS’s data. • The number of new people obtaining their PLS by either experience or degree programs has not kept up with the number that have been or will be retiring. Comparing compensation for an engineer and a land surveyor with similar experience, education and training, the Engineer typically makes 15–20% more than a Surveyor. This must change! Surveyors play a critical role in design and construction of projects • Utilities (water, sewer, stormwater, etc). • Infrastructure (roads, bridges, airports, etc). • Buildings (residential, commercial, schools, hospitals, factories, and other facilities). • All aspects of platting new subdivisions to meet the housing demands. Without surveyors: • Property, Road, and Easement boundaries cannot be reliably located or created. • Engineers don’t have the information they need to design plans for construction. • Without design plans, contractors can’t order materials from suppliers and can’t build projects. • Construction layout cannot be completed with certainty. • These impacts would have significant consequences on the economy of the region and the country. Surveyors are the sole profession licensed to determine boundaries in the United States. If Surveyors went away, who could do the work? • Surveyors must know both the laws related to surveying and mathematics. • Lawyers can learn the law, but don’t know the required math. Engineers know the math, but don’t know the required survey laws. The lists above are just the tip of the iceberg that the declines of the surveying profession will have on the economy and society. Because of these issues and concerns a Surveying Taskforce was formed. Purpose of the Surveying Taskforce: Assemble a broad coalition across industries to see what could be done to get more people into Surveying and to let people know about the shortage. Mission for the Surveying Taskforce: To broaden the level of awareness of the critical role Surveying plays and increase the number and diversity of Licensed Surveyors for the benefit of the community, industry, and the economy Vision for the Surveying Taskforce: To create public/private partnerships through internships and scholarships to incentivize students into surveying. Taskforce Participants Surveying Organizations • Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon (PLSO). • Land Surveyors Association of Washington (LSAW). • National Society of Professional Surveyors (NSPS). Construction Organizations • Associated General Contractors (AGC). • Construction Managers Association of America (CMAA). • Home Builders Association (HBA). • NW Utility Contractors of America (NWUCA). Engineering Associations • American Council of Engineering Companies (ACEC). • American Public Works Association (APWA)—Oregon Chapter. • Civil Engineering Cooperative Opportunities Program (CECOP). State and National Licensing Boards • Oregon State Board of Examiners for Engineering and Land Surveying (OSBEELS). • National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES). Consulting Firms • David Evans & Associates (DEA). • KPFF Consulting Engineers. • PBS Engineering & Environmental. • RQ4D Surveying. • Westlake Consultants. Public Agencies • City of Portland. continues
8 The Oregon Surveyor | Vol. 46, No. 3 Featured Article • City of Springfield. • Oregon Dept of Transportation (ODOT). Community Colleges • Chemeketa Community College. • Clark Community College (CC). • Portland Community College (PCC). • Umpqua Community College (UCC). Universities • Oregon Institute of Technology (Oregon Tech). • Oregon State University (OSU). • Portland State University (PSU). • University of Portland (UP). Recommendations: It was fantastic to have such a broad coalition come together. With this breadth of knowledge and participation, subcommittees were formed, and numerous ideas and recommendations were generated over the two years the taskforce met. To get in front of the tsunami of retiring surveyors, we believe that PLSO and ACEC, working with industry, should lead the effort implementing the remaining recommendations and look for other ideas to get more people licensed in surveying, both now and in the future. Recommendations that have been implemented • The compensation for a licensed surveyor with similar education, experience, and training should be similar to that of a licensed engineer. • Typically, licensed surveyors make 15–20% less than a licensed engineer even though the liability of surveying is much higher than that of an engineer. • Given the shortage of surveyors, the compensation has naturally been rising due to competition in the job market. This should make it easier to attract folks into Surveying, however, it is important that wages increase at all levels of surveying to create incentives to bring entry level people into the profession. • Worked with OSBEELS and they implemented changes to provide more pathways to become a Licensed Surveyor (PLS). We want to thank OSBEELS for these changes which we believe are very beneficial! • Implemented an experience for education in a matrix form like what is in place for engineering. • Changed the experience only path from 12 years to 9 years. • Changed path of ABET Accredited B.S. in Land Surveying to include only three years of qualifying experience instead of four years. • Created a path for both engineering and survey A.S. degrees that have institutional accreditation and six years’ experience. • Created a path for ABET accredited B.S. Engineering degrees with no surveying coursework and six years’ experience. • Additional surveying coursework can substitute for experience. • Aligned curriculums between the community colleges and universities so that the classes from the community colleges transfer seamlessly to the universities for those who pursue a 4-year degree and with OSBEELS for licensure. In what may be a first for the region, the participating colleges worked collectively and with OSBEELS to align curriculums and learn how each can better support the others and their students for transfers and eligibility for licensure processes. The community colleges and universities have decided they want to continue to meet at a minimum of twice a year to continue to look for opportunities to work together. • Created a “one stop shopping” for companies to post surveying internship opportunities and for students who are looking for internships to post their resume on the PLSO website. • Schools agreed to work with students on their resumes and to get them posted. PLSO will mention this opportunity in their bimonthly newsletter to members. For a student to post their resume, they must be a member of PLSO. Student membership is $10. • If a student is volunteering at the PLSO conference, PLSO will register them for the conference and their membership is free. • If students are applying for NSPS scholarships, they must be a member of NSPS to receive one. The cost to join NSPS is $10. • If each school coordinates a group sign up for PLSO, PLSO will get them signed up with NSPS and provide the PLSO membership for free. • Modified Teaching With Spatial Technology (TWST) which is a workshop that has been used to show middle school (MS) and high school (HS) teachers how surveying can be included in their curriculum. • TWST is already developed for 4-day trainings that have been taught in the past. We pulled out the GIS part and reduced this to 1–2 day trainings that can be used by the colleges or the community colleges with MS and HS teachers. Can also be taught at teacher in-services for math teachers as professional development hours to keep their teaching license. • Coordinated with AGC on social media videos on TikTok and Instagram about Surveying • AGC connects with social media influencers through platforms like TikTok and others to create short videos to attract people to their professions. AGC has connected with at least one surveying influencer, “LadyLandSurveyor,” to create content on construction trades and surveying.o.https://www. tiktok.com/@ladyland_surveyor/ video/7167043572317932842. continued
9 Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon | www.plso.org Featured Article • AGC is willing to partner with PLSO and others on the cost of future videos. • Videos with an influencer can cost anywhere from a few hundred dollars to several thousand depending on the number of followers they have, etc., however, the results have the potential to be immediate and substantial in the number of inquiries or hits generated on the topic. Look at the stats for the “LadyLandSurveyor” on page 8! Very impressive! • More work needs to be done by PLSO and ACEC in this regard. AGC has indicated that they are willing to partner on future efforts. Recommendations that have not been implemented • Expand the Certified Survey Technician (CST) Program in Oregon • Work with OSBEELS and employers to create financial and licensure incentives for this program. • Offer CST testing at every PLSO and LSAW conference. • Expand Outreach to Students and Schools About Surveying • Committee to be led and implemented by PLSO. • Take a new look at how and where licensed surveyors went to high school. PLSO data shows most Surveyors come out of small schools (Knappa, Vernonia, Clatskanie, Estacada, Colton, etc). • Put our effort into schools that are rural or have a rural/urban mix (OC, Hillsboro, etc). • Provide students with different options for how they become Surveyors which match with the revisions OSBEELS has made for licensure. • Work with AGC to pursue opportunities with “technical” high schools like Cascadia Tech in Vancouver and Career Technical Education Center (CTEC) in Salem. • Look at changing how we “sell/ market” Surveying. Rather than sell as a branch of mathematics, sell it as being a detective out looking for monuments or as a branch of history reviewing historical documents, then market it and get it out to the target audience through the Communications Committee and student/school outreach. Get high school, CC, and potentially middle school students out for ride-alongs with surveyors. Reach out to schools that are under served to encourage more women and minorities to go into surveying. • Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion— Exploration of this topic has just begun with regards to how to expand the surveying profession, however, surveying is notoriously a white male dominated profession; By implementing an aggressive DEI program, surveying can be expanded to recruit from populations which include gender, racial, socioeconomic, and other previously underrepresented segments of society. This effort represents a large untapped resource of potential future surveyors which should be aggressively pursued. • Expand the ODOT and Oregon Tech (OT) Partnership to other locations in the state. ODOT and OT have partnered to bring HS students interested in Surveying to a 3-day experience on campus. It is a combination of time in the classroom and hands-on time in the field. Feedback has been very positive. This could be used to focus on bringing a broader diversity of people into Surveying depending upon the outreach to HS in the area. • Need partnerships with industry and universities or community colleges to expand to other locations. This model is also being used successfully in other states. • Expand Oregon State’s effort of the past few years where high school teachers and counselors are invited to come to campus to learn about surveying and the need for more surveyors. Staff perform demonstrations with different technology and give the teachers/counselors a chance to be involved and ask questions. OSU has gotten a lot of positive feedback and the teachers and counselors are excited to share what they have learned with their students. This could be expanded at OSU and to other universities and community colleges. • Need partnerships with industry to be able to expand this program. • Expand Oregon State’s Summer Experiences in Science and Engineering for Youth (SESEY) program. This program brings in a pair of middle/high school students from underrepresented backgrounds to spend a week doing geomatics related research and learning about opportunities in surveying as well as an introduction to college in general. • Need partnerships with industry and universities or community colleges to expand to other locations or for more students at OSU. • Find and utilize opportunities to use Teaching With Spatial Technology (TWST) to teach middle school and high school teachers about Surveying and how it can be included in their curriculum to get students aware of Surveying. • Create public and private partnerships for scholarships to encourage more students into Surveying. It would be great if we could get folks to have one application for multiple surveying scholarships. Clark College has this setup for scholarships. • Opportunity may exist through Oregon Office of Student Access and Completion https:// oregonstudentaid.gov/. • Pursue the legislature to create a program to pay student loans for those who go into surveying. continues
10 The Oregon Surveyor | Vol. 46, No. 3 Featured Article There are already models for this in other professions: Teachers who teach in economically challenged areas can have their student loans forgiven. In Nevada, veterinarians who agree to work in rural areas can have their student loans forgiven. • Military Recruiting. Military experience and education can apply towards the experience and education required for licensure. Utilize Military Skillsbridge program or other similar programs to recruit military members finishing their careers. Education of employers is needed to implement this effort. Invite speakers to chapter meetings or annual conferences. • Expand efforts to work with Youth Groups: Boy Scout Surveying Merit Badge, Girl Scouts, 4H, STEM. Current National Initiatives • The National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) is looking at potential changes to the NCEES exam (it will be voted on in August 2023). If this goes forward, we assume states will change licensing structure and we think it will be a big step nationally to get more qualified people licensed as Surveyors. https://ncees. org/ncees-seeks-professional- surveyors-and-mapping-scientists- expertise-and-advice/. • Potentially, there are a lot of people who do not get licensed because the current version of the PLS doesn’t really represent the type of surveying work they are doing. So, they get licensed as engineers or pursue certificates instead. • NSPS Boy Scout Committee. Working on rewrite of Surveying Merit Badge requirements to streamline teaching and better align hours to earn the badge with other merit badges offered by the Scouts. continued Ronnie Jacko ronnie@llmpubs.com | 503-445-2234
11 Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon | www.plso.org Featured Article Book Review Building the Columbia River Highway: They Said It Couldn’t Be Done by Peg Willis By Renee Clough, PLS, PE, AICP This book, Building the Columbia River Highway: They Said It Couldn’t Be Done, isn’t directly about surveying, but it is about construction, which surveying heavily interacts with. And some of the key people were evidently surveyors at one point or another in their life. So, all told, it is reasonably relevant to the Oregon Surveyor audience. The book tells the story of constructing the Gorge portion of the Columbia River Highway. Although the Columbia River Highway spanned from Astoria to The Dalles, the book focuses on the section from Troutdale to The Dalles. It’s a quick read due to being a short book—186 pages, including the notes, index, and bibliography—which includes numerous photos. I heard about it in a presentation during the 2022 OSBEELS Symposium and ordered a paper version from Amazon; evidently there is also an e-book version available somewhere. I appreciated that the book starts with brief biographies of the key people. I found it easier to focus on the highway’s story when it wasn’t interrupted by introducing people as they became involved. It also made it easier for me to occasionally look back for a reminder of a nuance about someone. The book is written by a layperson historian for a layperson historian—it doesn’t give extensive details about construction methods, equipment, or material. It was clear, though, that much about large public works construction hasn’t changed in the 100 years since the Columbia River Highway was built. The engineers wanted to start early in the year to capture good construction weather, but didn’t get the go-ahead until late August. Contractors had to be watched closely; the book’s mention of a ditch dug uphill to drain water away from the road sticks out in my memory. They also had to deal with armchair “engineers” who were convinced they knew better than the professionals. Nonetheless, I did note with awe the speed with which they were able to complete the project; authorization for the project was given on August 27, 1913, construction was underway by February 1914, and the last bit of pavement was completed on June 27, 1922. The book also talks about the highway’s history between the end of construction and 2014, when it was published. I enjoyed learning how the highway influenced development in the area and how it evolved into Interstate 84. Although not mentioned in the book, today the highway is reopened where possible and reconstructed where necessary; much of it can be driven today but some is open to only bike and foot traffic. I recommend the book for anyone who enjoys Oregon history. Today the highway is reopened where possible and reconstructed where necessary; much of it can be driven today but some is open to only bike and foot traffic.
12 Header The Oregon Surveyor | Vol. 46, No. 3 Member Spotlight By Vanessa Salvia Lance King is 48 years old and grew up in the same area where he now works, Ontario, Oregon. He’s built a life with his “understanding, very supporting, survey-helping, wonderful wife,” Cindy, over the past 28 years. He started his career in 1993, just one year out of high school, with JUB Engineers in Boise Idaho. He worked at JUB for three years, working on a three-man crew for the first two years. “Learning from the bottom up,” he says. “By year three I made party chief and started to realize I really liked surveying.” Lance’s father had a couple buddies who were surveyors, and they said they were looking for someone. Those friends actually hired Lance’s brother Clint, who is older by a year. “Then they said, ‘If we need another guy, we’ll hire Lance.’ But Clint nearly cut his thumb off at a sawmill right before starting the job, and couldn’t take the job on account of being almost minus a thumb. So they said, ‘Well, I guess we’ll take the other one,’ which was me.” He says he knew within a year that he liked surveying and wanted to stick with it. Today, Lance is licensed in Oregon and Idaho but has also worked in Montana, Colorado, Nevada, and Washington. He splits his time between the Ontario and Hermiston offices, which keeps him busy with work primarily in the Eastern Oregon and Western Idaho areas. “Surveying is unique in that you get to see a lot of different counties and project types,” he says. “I do spend more time in the office these days, I do make it out to all the boundary survey projects.” In 1996, Lance started working for Gaschler & Cummings in Ontario. “I was lucky to have Dan Cummings as my mentor,” Lance says. “Most of my work at JUB was construction surveying and support of engineering projects, but Dan really introduced me to boundary surveying and my interest for it took off.” In 2002, Lance teamed up with his other brother, Chase, and Randy Scott and formed K-3 Service Inc. That team mostly worked on construction surveying and GIS data collection, and got their start from a large GIS project in Colorado Springs, Colorado, for the Air Force. Three years later, he returned to his mentor Dan, then at Edwards and Cummings. Chase and Lance merged K-3 with Edwards and Cummings and became CK3, LLC. “I run the day-to-day operations,” Lance says. “We specialize in civil, structural engineering, surveying, and planning. The base company was founded in 1972 by Albert Gaschler, and CK3 celebrated 50 years in business this last fall of 2022.” Lance’s children, son Kyle and daughter Hailey, both also got into surveying, making it a family activity. Although they both have gone on to other careers, they did spend a lot of time helping their dad out and worked in the field for a while. “I think kids always want to go to work with their parents and surveying is one of those jobs where you’re able to do that,” Lance says. “You can always drag your kids into the field.” Kyle is now a diesel mechanic after serving in the Army, and Hailey is in finance. Lance King, PLS CK3, LLC www.CK3LLC.net Lance on the cover of Professional Surveyor Magazine in July 2009, riding one of his horses on a survey for EP Minerals in the Juntura, Oregon area. Monument rehabilitation at Succor Creek for Oregon State Parks and Recreation involved finding and updating the original survey corners that were set by the GLO in 1899.
13 Header Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon | www.plso.org Member Spotlight Lance has been a member of PLSO since 2000. Until recently, Lance was president of the Blue Mountain chapter, and served as secretary for four years and was on the Legislative Committee for two years. It was his mentor Dan who would take him to the PLSO meetings, workshops, and conferences. “This additional education became the foundation of my surveying knowledge,” Lance says. “Most of my education came from the PLSO. I have had great opportunities given to me by some great surveyor teachers and I try to pass that on by encouraging all my young surveyors to be active in the PLSO. I take all our surveyors, licensed and unlicensed, to the conference every year.” Yes, he did eventually get licensed and take some college classes here and there, but he didn’t get a surveying degree. Lance says that a path of becoming a surveyor without getting a formal degree is one that should be accessible to young people, like it was for him. “If you’re getting your education through experience, then the PLSO is a great way to do that,” he says. Lance feels strongly that a non-degree path to a surveying career can be a boon for young people who are not interested in or well-suited for a formal education in college. “There’s a huge group of people like that and we have to be able to figure out how to reach them and let them know that this career is still a possibility for them,” Lance says. In his free time, Lance works around the house and garden and cares for and rides his horses. He’s also interested in the legal side of surveying, especially collecting evidence and evaluating that evidence. In fact, he thinks that maybe he might have enjoyed being a lawyer for surveying. One thing he did do to further his education is to take some mediation training. “I’ve done a lot of boundary work where people are ready to shoot one another,” he says. “I like being able to work it out with them so they’re all happy about it in the end.” I’ve done a lot of boundary work where people are ready to shoot one another, he says. I like being able to work it out with them so they’re all happy about it in the end. Lance on a survey in Huntington, Oregon. Lance on a survey on the Umatilla River. CK3 50th anniversary with Cliff Bentz (U.S. House of Representatives), Dan Cummings (mentor), and Lance King.
14 The Oregon Surveyor | Vol. 46, No. 3 By Pat Gaylord, PLS Surveyors in the News We may have had a good understanding of true bearings in surveying and navigation, but magnetic bearings were still being studied and deciphered in 1872, although it was understood that declination changed how to track that was a source of inquiry. The St. Louis Republican St. Louis, Missouri Friday, August 16, 1872 The New Northwest AN INTERESTING SCIENTIFIC ENTERPRISE. It is a fact well understood by the unlearned as well as the learned that in determining the true north line surveyors and civil engineers are accustomed to make a certain allowance for what is called “the variation of the magnetic needle,” or in other words, it is well known that the magnetic needle does not point due north. The extent of this variation differs with different periods of time and also, in different localities on the earth’s surface. Another well known fact connected with the operation of the magnetic needle is that when suspended upon a pivot, instead of assuming an exact horizontal position it has a slight dip toward the north, and that the extent of this dip likewise varies with time and place. In view of these well known facts, it becomes a subject of great practical importance, as well as a matter of great interest to science, to determinate the true north line of different points of the earth’s surface, in order to know what extent the needle varies from the north course, also to see to what extent the needle dips at different localities. When the true north line is once established at different points, it will then be an easy matter to note from year to year the slightest difference by way of an increase or a variation of the needle from this true line from year to year. The true north line is found by an astronomical observation, and the process of ascertaining the true meridian line measuring the intensity of the magnetic force controls the variation and dip of the needle is called a “magnetic survey.” Such a survey of the United Slates is now - . x fpje Jjiea JtttnlIjiacst FRIDAY... 1.--AUGUST 1C, 1S72. Marian May. Marfan kmourhaBileC pUJe. Forofoff the maids In'll country side W none so fair am. Her hair w like Hk,Ml her eyes Hkewine Liquid, darkand deep; They amrkled himI danced In live broad sun-liln- e. Or melted In rosy sleep. Lovers by scores for her white hand sighed, Of high and ol low decree; And many came riding from tar and wide. Her aweethearU fain to be. The squire had plenty of golden store, St tell as lor hi in was meet, And lie wished no better ami asked no more. Than to lay It all at .her feet. But die pot hii Kills ami hU vows aaMe, Laughing, and outawke ahe, "I never wa born for a rteh man's bride, SoI eanmrt mate with thee." The parson lie came, withhts face ojrmve, Gentle anddeep and prim, And Mthl the liest way her hhiI to nr Was to take and marry him. Bat she only opened hereywi fnll wide, Womlerinir. andouolh che. "Were there never a man In the world lteafcle, You'd be ftir too good for me." The Colonel heswore a right round oath "I.IUle one, be my wife! I've scan, and aprniriofi eiHmcli for both, Ifyou'll Hharc a aoldier's Hie." Ite vowed that he would not be denied, ljtiw on 111 bended knee; But Kite toned her head with a pretty pride, .Stkl, "I never will weal with Over!" Robin came back from lite sea one day. Out rtbe distant Won, And the child with whom he used to play, Awoman he elMied to hU breast. She fobbed ami kfaeed.and laughed and cried "Welcome, my love," said tae; "For woe fHtd for weal, and whate'er bethle, I will fare the world through with theel" George Clement' "Wife. KY MAKV REKII KOWEI.I "Of all things, this is the worst! If I ever in allmylife expected to hear such news! Why, our George is gone and got married! D'ye hear?" Good Mrs. Clements pushed her steel-bow- ed spectacles off her bright eyes, and dropped her letter in her lap, as she turned around to her husband, thostour, clever old farmer, who was contentedly stroking the old while cat. "Deaeon, d'ye hear?" This time when she asked the question, there was a touch of sliarpiiess in her voice. "Yes, what if he is married? I'm sure its natural enough. It kind o' runs in the family, 'pears to mo." Hut Mrs. Clements would take no notice of this little pleasantry. "Woll, if yon liko it, I can tell you I don't. He needn't think lie's comlnir here, with his lino city-bre- d lady, all airs and raees, and flounces audilutcd ruffles. There's plenty of good irirls hereabouts that wanted him. Right in the middle of work, too! to talk of bringing a lady here in hog-killi- n' time! I do declare, I think George is a c - A graceful, dainty little lady, in a garnet poplin and ruffled apron, with a small, proudly poised head, covered with short, dusky curls, and a pair of dark blue eyes, so wistful and tender, a tiny rose-bu- d of a mouth, and a dimple in one pink check. That was Mrs. Marion Clements. Was it any wonder that George had fallen in love with her? She sat in tliebriglit little jmrlor.olose beside tlie window, watchingfor theloved husband's return; and then, when she heard the click of the latch-ke- y in tlio hall, Hew for the welcome kiss. "Haven't you the letter this time, George! I've felt so wire of it all day. Indeed, I've quite decided what dresses to take with me." He smiled and shook his head. A cloud passed over her pretty face. "0, George, isn't it to bad? And I do believe oh, I do believe they won't write because they are sorry you married me." He put his arm around her neck, "And supiKHing such to be the case; do you think it would make any difference to me?" ",9ll 1M! ,,o! on,y H would grieve me fso if I knew I had alienated your own parents fromyou." "And a one-side- d alienation it would be, too! Tlwj' liave never seen you! And when they know you they can't help loving you." "O, Geortre!" i.?LU' was caused by aeeomimnyhig this loving llat-- rt a a "iiiai-s,iru- e as preaching, liv the by, my dear, wiiat would you sav if thf. urm sent me oil on a traveling tour of -- 1 V A little dismayed cry answered him "louwon't stav here alone, oli? i.m Marion, it would be five hundred dollars ciear gain to us." "vvnat need wo care for money ? I'd rather have vou." A mischievous smile played on the youne man's litis: he ? mnw mniior. of-fa- ct than this romantic, tender little t tie u--i iiui. "I think tlie addition to our balance at the banker's would be very consoling for the absence. But never mind, little 1 50 wn to dinuer. I hoie mi. o kck jciicr iroin nome soon:" AndSoon it Wa&: for Mrinn Btmfoli.wl it from his coat pocket tlie very nest night. Hut her IiubomihI's face looked very grave and stem, and his eyes iuuivlii angry wneu sue iiniKeu gleettilly over tlie envelope. "My dear, you must remember I care rory mile lor what the letter contains. Remember I did not write it; that you are deafer to me than ever before. Kits me, first, while I watch you." A little pang of misdoubt troubled her when she "lanced over the note; then tears stole from under her lashes, and George sawher tender mouth quiver and tremble: then when sli limf fin ished it, she laid her head down on his shoulder audcried. "It was cruel to let you sec it, ray woutwed Wrdie. Let me bumit. And lFet' ""&what our Uible moth!, aIm.M6,,a" lenvo fntlier and t.: ...zr.. a-- ... are tn,: , " lic. 1 on will tiSViS the l'PiHs' my life ". d then they "JUSt IwMnu i thinks I an, iT ' "i", p,y-bre- d, she dirty, and" e"i.v, anu Aiarion. She will find OUrf;,.?th. addedT 'Mv wr?nr?n' He has non. Oh, I know I SioulTl fovo a bun and mc." your mother, too, if Ble would lot "We will invite them down, when come home. By the way, Marion I I win stop at ine larni on my way home anu iiiviic mum noiwi, aim oring tl home with mc." "George, dear, I have been thinking about that trip West. I think you had better go, and leave home. It won't bo so vory Jonsr." Marion was eating her egg while she spoke aerriss the eiy little tete-a-te-te breakfast taMc. "iIokeii like my true little Marion, and when I come back I'll briug you a present. AVliat snan u ueY" "lOlir imuiiui uuii lauitT iruin mis farm. It shall be that hope that will linnr mo romnanv wuen von amlrnnp " i A fortnight after that Marlon Clements ate her breakfast alone, the traces of a tear or so on her pink cheek; then she dashed them away with a merry. joyous little laugh. mis will never uo. and now tnai George has gone for six weeks, to prepare for his return. And I pray Heaven it snail be such a coming as shall delight his very soul." "I'msure I don't know what to say. The land knows I need help bad enough, but it 'pears to me such a slender little iT J 'rV What you say your name was uary bumii. Ami inuecti ii jo w to' me lor a week--, i am sure jou wm Keep me tin uie season s over. --Mrs. uioraenis iookou out oi ti.e win- - . uowa:, tue great ciouus inai were piling cloomily up: and then the wind gave a great wailing shriek around the corners of the house. "You can cook, ken you? or shake up feather beds good big ones, forty launders?'' A gleeful little laugh came from Mary's lips. "Indeed I can. I may not cook to suit you, but I can learn." Airs. Clements walked out to tlie large open fire-pla- in the kitchen imn. .ii r 1.5 i ., x i.i.ri i Tii- - dear knows . it 'ud be a cood 1 ft while " ' - o more'n mni-- ,i. r,v fix. nun iiiu lauiu Ji luanu umou iul iiiu bread." "Take her, of course, Hannah. You are hard driv' I know. Let her stop a week or so anyhow." So Mrs. Clements came slowly back and sat down again. "You can't get away anyhow; there's a snow storm been a brew-i- n' these three days, and it's on us now, sure enough. See them 'ere Hakes, fine and thick. You may as well take your things up stuirs to the west garret, and then come down and help me get supper." Then followed directions to the west garret, ami when she was gone, Mrs. VlvlilUlilO tuiilLU tu I xtuv-u- ii "I never saw a girl before I'd trust up L1,er b,eVlg yc,a 'V0 amo"s. tho Il,di stairs alone. Hut such as her don't immediately opened a with part cs fn the West to I can tell you that if . Pdfe u , could find any information Directly she came down in a purple print dress and white apron; her hair brushed oil front her face into a net; a narrow linen collar, fastened witli a sailor's loop of narrow black ribbon rt c,ml n ;f oi... i.n.i isf i.n.i. iivsiio flitted in and out of tlie big Hill- - try and then down tue cellar. Tlien after the meal, she cathcred the dislies in a neat, silent way, that was perfect bliss to Mrs. ears. "She's determined to earn her bread anyhow; and I like her turn too." And the Deacon had "taken a shine" to Mary Smith. Ono by one the days wore on; the hog of fcausaceswereliung in fantastic rings, ' firrnnfml III ArlM'C If llitn-nro- ctfruit ' hams and were piled away in a true, housewifely manner, and now --uary anu .urs. were sitting In the sunny dining-roo- darning, patch- - ing and mending "I don't know what I am coin" to do ' without you, Mary. I dread to sSe you ! pack up vour clothes." ; iv oiusn oi pleasure overspread Mary's face. "I am so glad you have been suited witli my work. Indeed I've tried." "It ain't the work altogether, though knows, you're tlie smartest gal seen tins many a uay. as i say, it work, b,y ,",1,carn.e,,t ns : determining engineers are Marj''s voice trembled at the l:ind-ne- ss of tlie old lady's voice, but she sewed rapidly on. "It's so uncommon lonesome like since the boy left the farm; but worso since he married. It seems like deserting us altogether." "Have you a sonV You never mentioned him." "Xo, Georgo has gone his way and we must go ours. Yes, lie married one of those crack-heade- d bo.inlinir-sclio- ol peo ple, who can't tell the difference be a rolling-pi- n and a milk-pan- ." Uut despite ner scorn. Mrs. Olemonts dashed oil tlie tears with her brown list. "Is ins wife pretty? I suppose you love her dearly." -- i tioivt Know anything about her, never want to know. He's left tor Her, and us old folks will leave him for her too. Mary just turn them cakes around; seems as if thoy're burning." --uury una iiirneu mc cai:es, Mrs. Clements was leaningover the arm of her Mary, supposing you stop witli us another yet, anvhow. Deacon will make it all right." 'It isn't the money I care for, Mrs. Clements, I only wish I might stay always. You don't know how much I lovoyou." "Love us! do Bless you heart, ir poor George had only picked you out, what a comfort it would bo to us all! it can't be helped now." She sighed wearily, then glanced out of the window, looked a moment and then thew down her work. "Bless my soul, if there ain't our son George coming up tho lane! Deacon! Deacon! George is coming!" And all her niotlier-Iov- o rushing to her heart, she hurried to meet him. OIi, the welcoming, the reproaches, the caresses, the determination to love Still, desnite poor itmnciml III tin Mn- - rion. Theu when the table been set iu the tho next room bv Mary's deft fin-- gers, she had returned to her garret," Mrs. Clements opened leart. "There's no use talkin' H.i- - line, fancy lady o' yours Ml never suit me. Givo me a smart girl Marv Smith, I'll ask no moro. iwin to supper now. Mary, Mary " She her voice to call tho irl. George, tins is Man-- Smith, my" Geortre throueh tho door, and glanced carelessly at the corner where the youngwoman Then, with a cry, sprain? with outstretched little figure that sprang into them. ; over to the old pair took theif vn,,,vm,,corges.wlre-- 1 was so afraid termin. ' "eVor ca"e Ie-- And'niay 1.byur daughter?" ifPP" fetnlly, when they (in,... lowers ol ,,s.a,,d ' H'o bountiful i --&.,,eVOT a , table. L The Pmnni. n , ...... . came over attend i V, w,,.ICu has imer Forty Years a Squaw. The Akron (Ohio Dailii Beacon nub-- tit. corres-stea- l; nothing Clement's shoulders goodness l"e lunowing interesting In the year John M. Arm strong, residinc near Detroit, sent his little daughter Man-- , a girl of seven years of age, unattended, oil to tlie district school. On the way to school she was kidnapped by the Indians, who at that time were found in large numbers about Detroit. Thestricken parents could scarcely be consoled for the of the child, finally gave up all hopeof her recovery. When she was taken by the Indians she was carried off to Texas, and suffered . . InTexas she lived for live years. and when she had readied ner iwemn ,., oomnclI(H. towarrv "Yallery." - r .arrio. The tribe with w , h .. . removed to v0braska. . where twelve moons, the . .. - IndIan,. married life, hav-- ,n"meol Mv. she was lonccr the wife of Yallerv. and was sold to an Irishman, David Ward. David was a Catholic, and was burned at the stake because he refused toabiure his religion, after which Mary was carried into another tribe, and there aflcr some years married an Indian i inei cancel nig con, Die Son soon cot tired of Ills newspouse, and sold her to a Mr. Carman, a pale face, and with him she lived until a melancholy event occurred, which at once deprived her of her husband children. ear San Irancisco isanlacc called "Dlack Hills,' which, tall, was the LAAIln t n lilnulit ! hnlit'iinn flirt lltrr. ""'""J " " Kcrauu oiiaKe anuians. uuniiui , . .., T. T , i mu lime .isWilli me jigur iiiiiiiiu?, liavinr been sold to them, together witli her husband children, a short time before by the Snako Indians. In the battle between fenake and Digger Indians, jirs. Carman's eleven children and husband were killed. She alone escaped, and remained with themashort tunc until an opportunity presented itself, when she llnil to San Francisco. From San Francisco, in company with four others, she was sent by General Sheridan as far as St. Joe, Mo., from which placo she is now on her journey to Columbus, where her aged father and mother are residing. About ten years ago her father heard which would lead to her return to her parents. After long waiting the intelli gence was conveyed to himthat she was found and would soon be in her home. after forty-on- o years of wandering amongsavages. Slie has made her way from tow iu tw.f aAW.OT two since readied Kent. Until this time she had worn her Indian costume, but the Mayor of Kent compelled her to exchange her half civilized garb for one which accorded more with Kent tastes. Yesterday she reached Akron, and has been here soliciting aid to complete her journey, hucn, m brier, is ner talc. Whether or not she is an Impostor, we arc unable to tell. Certain it is that she lel1?. a straightforward story, and the IllOSt rigorous questioning could not f3"80 her x cbange the least portion of ,cr, imrrativc. She is very intelligent 1 ,:."" 'i"""""," readily, and withan appearance of trutli and simplicity. When Marshal Parker tw,ler ho bad been among tho Indians commenced talking to hint in tlie Indian langunge, but the Marshal, not lv """" ,"!?, '&'wwku ji language by inability to reply, "va moosed," niucii to tnc amusement oi crowd which had gathered about her. Ax IXTKitEsnxo Scientific Ex TEni'niSE. It is a fact well understood tomed to make a certain allowance for what iscalled "the variation of tho magnetic needle," or iu other words, it is well known that the magnetic needle does not point due north. The extent of tills variation differs with different periods of time, and, also, iu different localities on the earth's surface. Another well known fact connected with the operation of the magnetic needle Is that when suspended upon a pivot, instead of assuming an exact horizontal position it has a slight diptoward thenorth, and that the extent of this dip likewise varies with time and place. Li view of these well known facts it becomes asubject of great practical importance, as well as a matter of great interest to science, to determinate tlie true north line of ilillcrcnt points of tiio earth's surface, In order to know what extent the needle varies from tho north course, also, to see to what extent the needle dips at different localities. When tho true north line is once established at differ ent points, it will then be an easy matter to from year to year tho sligh-es- ,t difference by way of an Increase or a variation of tlie needle from this true lino from year to year. Tlie true north lino is found by anastronomical observation, and the process of ascertaining tho truo meridian line measuring tlie Intensityof tlie magnetic force controls the variation and dipof the needle is called a "magnetic survey." Such a survey of tho United Slates is now being made by Dr. T. C. Ililgard, under theauspices of tlie National Academy of Science. Smithsonian Institute will publish the result of these surveys for the general benefit of the community. ,SY. Lui Ilcjiubllcan. The Lost Boy. The Boston Traveler tlie following story a good iilus-- trillion of the way a good many stri- - I "."S3 "Jacket and trousers" miss their "bearings'' and their wits: ' Tllcrlll;t of 11 family, residing.pot far from street, is a boy who has recently liasaeu ins nun year, anu "'S j"st donned his first pocket and ' WBCT?' is attending a primary school, 1,10 otMer afcruoon he failed to come "P'o at the usual hour, much the of the houseliold, and after a long rvh, he was found, sometinic after u ":xs"" "'"Vf.'v"K, Taking advantage of a lull in the con- - vcrsat on customary at tho morning i110"1' ,,,e,tunleJ h'3 grave countenance 0 . ft'r tbe head of the table, and "'"s, , be exclaimed: .rItl, street wiierc sue leit me i kissed her and she kissed mc, and thou I was lost." There was an explosion around the ta ble just about then. It is suspected that this is not the young man who has been lost similar circumstances. ' 1 1 "oraceGreeloy once wrote: "Takoall Hio baunts of debauchcrv in the land ...... finil I'm, st.fll ..lnn , . 1. . r n iiuu iiinc-Luiii- ineir master spinu active participants of that same Democracv. Jlav It ho wrlffnn crave tliat 1 never was their follnxv. debtort'''01 llCl ,n ,,othI"K the,r ain't the it's you, Mary. I've got ?c M";cUJ tl,c l?8"1 to thinking a heap of and the true north lino Deacon" surveyors and civil accus- - it's yet got tween aud us chair. on month The But out him had and "west her Gmr. like and raised last and my when a low voice near her surprised "a,rrk at 11,0 Providence depot, He was sent to bed without much ex-- "Oh, you dressed up in honor o' my i l'lanatlon, though itispossible his treat-bo- y. Woll, I must confess I never know ,ucnt wa3 ,w.,,at Solomon have you had such a handsome dress, and 'ccoiuuieuueu in sucii an cuiurgeucy. you look like a picture with your net1. "est morning he was down to the aud them short, bobbin' ' """eakfast table, evidently none the stood. arms to meet the 1831 illul. either which first under you-i-ue you? her. would off, curls! came noto Tlie Deacon and Mrs. Clements stood 1 " you, mamma, now it nap-i-n speechless amazement. Then Ma- - l101"- - After school I went part of the rion, all blushes and tearful smiles way home with Mary . Atthocor-- jvent and lovo lnp 1 exhai? had RiirnriRo. prlJe ve thanks ovor celebrated to taken for home. narra- - Mr. Michigan, loss and no and Jirs. and the """ m tlie and The UiiiiKs nav-- to a'art v lo oi nil a"'1 en UXK WEED ItEMEDY. THE.UNK WEED REMEDY, Oregon Rheumatic Cure. HISTORY: rUlIS REMEDY IS COMPOSED OF THE i Active nrinrlnlA nf ilm link Weed. Enz. Thasplum CordatumOrlginU.Lat. Indlsenous ... uniin. t.rowR luosi nuununiiiiy mm 1 - rettyin comity. PROPERTIES, ETC.: It contain nn Arilronml Volatile Principle. extractoil by Elher. antl c bitter Tonic Principle. MEDICAL PROPERTIES AND USES: It Is the moU sure and trpeedy cure for ltheumatlsm, Itheiimatlc tiout and I'.hcnmntlc l'alnsof all kinds Hint Into tlie Materia Medico. TIip ITNK WKKDHEM- - r.t. i . ii-- t iin'i;ircu lyus, in concluciicv ui l exlstlns Litter principle. iwsm?sc the neces-- ir inueui win n I?o-vvoiX- Tonic, Promotlnj: the Appellle and Invisoratltistlie whole Dlsextlve Appiimtin, thu liulldlns up and streiiethculnz the svMcm. while at the same time the volatile principle, belns ill the blood, nctx i.pcclnciilly on the Ulieumatlc Pnlvin, rvinovlng It from tlicclreu-- laiion anil Kysicm. There arc lew reinetlles known to the Medical Profession which will rcmovo the Ithctimatle l'ulsoii from the blood, but whoic action Is so lHjwcrful In depressInK the system of the already enfeebled Iieuiiiaticaticnt,tliat their u' haKto lie abandoneil before sici:lric cU'ects arc ooiaiuaoie, anu nenceiue vain in succcxs in trentinir this prevalent and lK'rt'tofon' Incurable disease. Ifnllko tliese luedlrine. already known, tho UXK WEED HEMKDV.allliouKh prixliiclnsai active and an powerful effect on the blood and system in re-- inovius: me iiiieiimaiitiroison,aiso jiossessea a stronETonic and llccunvratlns Element which admits of Its rontlnuetl use even by the mot delicate mid debilitated. Thin we hare tlie combination lor the ilrst time of these two necessary elements In one remedy, which em-c- in luieumaiism, liiicumauc uoui aim Itheiimatlc l'ainsorall klmls. X. IL Tlie UN'K WEED REMEDYIs nnrtie- - ularly AI'l'I.ICAIH.E TO I.AIURS, In conse quence or us j ouic liuaiities. TESTIMONIALS : Wenroawnre of the fact that It Ucenerallr an etiiy lnatler to procure cortllkule ntlcstlns me euicHcy oi paieni remcilieK inim arertnln class of t!ioe who u.Iliciii. Wc IiuvitkcIii.'hI the following because the nanics nttnehed to them aro thoc of men of the most careful and scrupulous diameter, and bccmiso tlie lnrse clasi of their acquaintances In Oreson will not. ior momeni, accuse or nuspoci mem or any exaeirenitloii in tho ktatenieiitt they may make: Certificate rrom the Deputy Jailor of Multnomah Comity Jail: CityJail, Port land, Oreson, June 7. 1371. i Dr. A. Jr. Irj"eai Co.: I was attacked with severe ciua? of rhcumatliim. It was in mv tlilshs, liliw, flnsrers, shoulder blade Indeed In all the Joints of my body I sunereJ Krcat pain huh aiiiiiKii. i was aiicuuiti oy a regular pny-slciabut with noeffect. I inu Induced to try VOUr UlllC WcCll Ilellicdv. mill it (tiiine.Mnti.lv cureil mo up. I coniiicr it, from my expe-- jiviit.-Tr-, in,-- iTsk 'ini-u- itirriicuiuniism Known, AI.K11KD F. TtntN'KIt. Jnllnr, Tills is to certify that the nljove Mateinent Is correct to my o u Kiiowicdfre. JOIIX 1. WAUD, Jailor. Alia California Book and Job FrlntincOfllce.l US Calirornla iitrcct, Han FmiiHiuYi- - Jtttio l ion 1 Dr. A. M. Iiryea A Co.: For several years 1 have been fcublcct to rlietiimiiUin i ,n. rii.. arm and houlder, rendering mo unable to work. On a recurrence or tho nttack Mime time since, I was induced to try your "Unk Weed Itomedv," and the result win n perfect cure In afew days. I took only two-thln- ol the content of one iMttle. Mv 11 rm liellef u that the "Unk" Is n certain cure for rheuma tism in an us runns, ami I would heartily ree-- uiiiiuciiu mi iiiiiiricu wnn iiiai ureaiuui uts eatw to try your "Itemedy" and lie cured. JNO. It. SIcIVSE. Certldcaleof A. It Shipley, Ksq., sjieclal con- - inuuiuriii iiio"viiiaiueiie rariner,' ana ?see retary of the Oregon Horticultural Society: Oswccro. Oreeon. nrrh N ls"71 Dr. A. M. Iiryea: Some tour weeks ago I was entirely prostrated witli rheumatism; In fact I was almost helpless. I sent to you for one loon nee bottle of tlie "ITnk Weed Itemcdy," by tho use of which I experienced almost Immediate relief, nnd by the time the liotlle was mine ine ruciimatism was cone. From my own experience, and trom wiiat I have heard others wiy who have used the Cnk Weeil, I ii in im.. ii cennui ciireiorrueumaiism. Yours resiectrully, A. IL SlUFIJiY. CertlflcBle from Hon. A. .T. Tnfiir v.Imil dent of tlie Oreson State Agricultural Society w niiiiior til vsmiisiics ui un-RO- Il : Kasl I'ortland. Anrll 1. lsTI Dr. A. M. Iiryen i Co.: I vas ainictcd with a severe auaeK oiciiroiilc rneiimntlsm; was con- - fllieil to 111V IKS most of the lime from Inntmrv to July, when 1 used the Unk Weed and it ciireu me up. a. J. DUFUIt Certincwte from James liyliee. thecelebrated iu "jviiiroi Hie utvOll llirf :" ,,f4illlv'p'!,Is'nnd, January II.1S7I. To Dr. A. 51. Iiiiryea &iUt.: This Is toacknowl einte mo cmeacy or your "Unk Weeil llemeily. or Ureeon Kbeiimatlc Cure." I was atlllctcd for months witli a very serious nttack of inflammatory rheumatism, and tried nearly all or the rheumatic remedies without any relief iiercclvuble. I then tried your 1111,1111,1 u inuiKsi iiiiuemosi nappy ' J .,J UNI., JAMF.S ItYIiEK. .sC.;r1,"F'e rn'm o well-know- n merchant O. . Weuvcr, Ksq.: 11,0 "aues, .nay zi, IS7I. Dr. A. M. Iiryeai Co.: I have useil the "Unk cnn encermuy recommend it to iwrsons ntlllcted with Inflammatory rheumatism. It cured moof that disease. Mv lmtlll , WrltK .... 'ItltlftU ....... lK,lnA, l ..II 1, ui, juj- - IUII11N were swollen and very painful. O. W. WKAVKIt Certlllente from Hon. Nat. H. r.nne. Pilot i oiiimlssloneror Oregon .and n member of the Dr. a. u. irv mi. .. V. . ".. .v . - - - - i L 'V 1 t 1 11 Ci mi for Kpi-c- vimr. ...i.i. ... .. back," and wandering rheumutlc pains, nc- - CflllllMllllsl l.. ...,1.., of olio bottle of your "Unk Weed Itemcdy, or V i,,lvc uccn entirely i : - i i t i "V "V. viiuwiiiiii rccoiiiincuu 11 us 1 most vnlnablc and ctrcctl ve rcmeily. NAT. II. LANE. Ccrtlilcute from Hon. Oldeon Tlblictts. t member of the City council orKat I'ortland: liist I'ortland, April 7, 1S7I. Dr. A. M. Iin-ii.t- - Co. llcntst Thi. iJ in. form you tliat'l have used your"Unk Weed" .i iiciniiRin ami rueiimaiic pains, and found relief fnini tlio use of only ono bottle, mid can srniiiirnii ii io niosc in iieiti oi such arent eily. Yours, tilUEON THtUtnTS. Certltlento front llm. V-- T. Onlttil.v nr. County Commissioner of JIultnonuih county, victim; Knst 1'iirtlnnil. Anrll 1. 1ST1 Dr. A. M. Iryoa & Co.: I have used the "Unk Weed Itemedy," and am satisfied It Is avaluable medicine. It resulates and Invigorates the stem, 'tins is my experience with tlie Item edy. Truly your, K. L. tiUIMBY. Certificate from tho celebrated musician, Prof. Otto Vlcuxtcmps: Orcson Musical Institute. 'ortland. May lb71. f Dr. A. M Co.: I was attacketl with severe inflammatory rheumatism, suflerins 2rent pain, and was so urostr.iteil that I was unable to tend to my business. I used one bot tle or your -- unk ween itcmcuy, or Oregon Ulieumatlc Cure," and was entirely cured by it alouc. OTTO VIEUXTEMPH. PIT VP IXTIN-OUNC- E BOTTLES, AT One Dollar nnd riflr Onls per liotlle. PREPARED AT THE OREGON MEDICAL LABORATORY, itr DR. LORYEA Si CO., east" ro"HTL.vxb, eitEfjrV "' , ' s iTF0K SAI.E BV ALL DRD00IST8. lllU PORTLAND ADVERTISEMENTS. HURGREN & SHINDLER, IMTOHTKIW ASU DIRECT variety of p.vnr)R, riKD-ROOJ-t, DINIXO, LIBRARY AND C0UXTIX0-1I0US- E F U K N I T TJ R E , ...IS OiK, Walnut, Rosewood, rtirstant, Kir. MOULDINGS, MIRRORS, BLACK WALNUT LUMBER, IMtlit, llnlr, Mots Excelsior filne, Ctc, Etc., Etc. Tiir. i.Anr.vr stocki Tiir. iirs--r GOODS! THE LOUT.ST IMUCES! Ware Rooms Nos. 10!. 3!S. 1T0 and 172. Cor. Salmon aud First St.. I'ortland, Oregon. nun PORTLAND LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. ItOO.M.S Corner I'irsit nnd Stnrk Sis., over I.kIiI A TlltonV liank. Coulalns llrrr Tbrt? Thousand (noire Hooks Over 100 Papers and Magazines. MEMBERSHIP FREE TO.ALL. Monthly Dues XI qnnrterly DntrcTOHS Win. S. Ijidd, P. C. Schuyler. Jr.. M. P. Dendy. U II. Wakctlcld, W. II. lfracUett, v. u. i.imis.i-- . ii. iwis, m. w. Kalllne, I. Ilium. Officers: K II. WAICHKIKI.D .President II. KAII.IMJ -- Vice President P. C. SCIIUYI.KU.Jr ..Treasurer M. W. KKCIIIIKIMKU. CorrcioiMllnK.Sec iir..siii .. i.r.n... i.ioranan ami nee. ee J. I Atkinson, Notary Public. Tvi.i:i: WoonwAiin. D. W. WAKEFIELD. Atkinson, Woodward & Co., tlitc Atkinson & Woodward,) REAL ESTATE AGENTS, XO. 102 FItOXT STJIKKT, l'orilnnd. Oregon, TTAVE POP. SALE FARMS AND ITNIM- - XI pnied s in Oregon and Washington Teiriturrv. Also. CHOICE CITY PROPERTY, for Sale ami to Rent. We attend to lluylng and Selling Real Estate In City ahd Country. SiKs-la-l attention given to the Renting of Properly and Collection or Rents, looking after ReiKiirs and Paj incut of Taxes on Property In our nanus wueu desired. Ieal iKtiiers written and acknowledgments taken. LOANS NEfiOTIATKD on Itenl l'.lnle se curity. I'artles having Money to Ijnan aro In- - iieii ioKit- - us n eini. ntstf ATKINSON, "WOODWARD A CO. HENDEE'S PHOTOGRAPHIC ROOMS, S. "M. Cor. Morrison mill rirst Sts.. l"ORTIAND, OREOON. IJIfTPRES taken In all tho latest and most styles, and not Inferior to anv on inecoasi. worK wen none and completed In side of twenty-fou- r hours. ca-Il.v- ni is ami fit I i.iuirxshould lie brought In between the hours of li anil L', always drced in iikul names. JACOB MAYER, Importer and Wholesale Dealer In IH."S-- GOODS, MILLINERY AND FANCY GOODS, Hats and Giints Furnishino Goods, Lollies nnd Mlsse TRIMMMRD AND UNTRIMMED HATS AND P.ONNETS, Frnmes, Braids, Cords, Ornaments, Flowers Ribbons, Trimmings, etc. Dress Gootls, White Goods, Tankcc s, Etc. Ladies' Cloaks, CloaK Trimmings, Etc. AGENT OK THE KLLKNDALK WOOLEN MILLS CO. A Full Slock of Jllaitict, Yarn, Heaver, Ticccds ami Ckwimcres Constantly on Jrand. LATEST STYLUS nYKVKltYSTKAJICII, BO PAUTICULAU ATTENTION Paid to Orders. nl XljIL.I.I2NGnEIt &5 CO., Washington St., bet. Second and Third, PORTLAND 0RR00N R MANUPACTURE AN w A SO. lARTICLKOr l!RE.D, CRACKERS CAKES, "1 Andall.klndsofPwIrualljfound fn ajnKa Sli.UT-- J IMUIJJ s Ucllvcreil to anypart of the cltv J21,Tlui; riSCEIilVNEOTJS. DR. YAN DEN BERGH'S Sovei-ci-i- i Worm Sjnip. TkE".1')" L MEDICINE li.weifi i?1 to xIel a" wnns from the Wornus. Moniach, except Tape and Chain The nmt,H.iA. i . . . uuicii pains ioicsi sieX i.SS'iT.i'Vrj?1??? '.he Principal Worm PntniM iucii, numerous as tlie ."'fmselves. have overspread the cmc-'?!- 1 ?'?lPln rlLselfthenameof spe-JWulle wo frankly acknowlcdse "H of "lem areonen suecessful.and eVeat n0t surpd tnat mbm?s hnve len'n1?iUC".n. flt ,llU late aa' Would not 2?iJ?i r5,llB metIIcInP required to test tho ua?1hlTbJSi'm-,.V,OI,era,l- nS m " fcwllours, I2iirJira2y Pnnte, together with its ifiii.!? Mr.el,ec,.to",itltuleltoneof the mast Vr V uenes oi ine age. rJiJlii Se ,'",laro. I,cr0 eores of certlflcatcs , i.. Li,n, i i i raPlUl lnrrf.slnfr mmtmttnn r,. . i. r lV,e:,lr7.' hx1 lo Promulgate Its fame nnd'estab- - hi. ciinraeier, we only aslc for a trial. ,rei,yoierallon In all sudden attacks, as couvtilskms. , fnH li iii, nr i. nnriraled superiority. Sent by express on re- - mInl. tT nrliu HYMPTOM3 OK WOR3IS. Alternate nalinf nmi finsbin nr ti, n teianre, dull expression of the eves, drowsl-Ines-- s, Itching of the nase.a swclletl upperllp. tonsuo whlteiy furred and thickly siieekliil With red lKllll.s.fefpl hrentli nit ..tilnrw,..! ,,nll- - a partial or ener.il swelling or pullingncss o iuu .signing in ine sieep anu gnnuins ol tho teeth, a sensation as If something was lodged In the throat, a gradual wasting or the llesli. sickness of the stnmueh wittitft..-- i short and ilr- - eough,ap)x;tlte sometimes voracious, at other times feeble, bowels sometimes costive, at oilier times loose, great frctfulness ana immunity oi icmper.pnins in the stomach and bowels, colic, tits, convulsions and palsv. li-- nuue in iviiioving masses oi crudities irom inesioiiuicii anu innrels or children, even wuerc no oims visu cnuiiui ue 100 iiigniy estimated. Prepared and sold, wholesale and retail, by rii. . . s? 1.1." v" liM.ir . ....-- . z t i L. l.. A'..., UUIIIIIl mm .ieius ill nil Cll' ies and towns. Dr. Van Den Rerzh can lie consulted on nil diseases that the huuiuii system is heir to. His long experience in diseases of women and children cannot is? surpassed by any physician In tlie United states or Eurone. Dr. V. ml vises Indies troubled wtth any irregularities of tho Uterus to try his new remedies and et cured. l!v consulting and undergoing a simple ex animation tlie afllieted eau learn If their dis ease lie worms or not. At nil event. Dr. Van Den Uergh can tell them from what disease they are suffering. Consultations and examinations free of charge. Okpice Rooms .is and 30, over Postofllce, Salem. Oregon. letters iiescnoing tue svmmnins win be nrnmntlv answered, and Persons llvinsr at a distance will be saveil tlie expense and trouble oi calling on me Doctor. Address lilt. J. W. VAN IIK.N IIKUOII, t P. O. Itox 172, Sulem, Oregon. DEmiiic Hotel, MAIN STREET, DALLES CITY, OREGON" T)0AUD IIY TIIK DAY, Week or Month, on ine most reasonaoie icrms. for families, Caneord Coach to nnd from the houso free. A large safe for the keeping of valuables. House oiien all night. nI7 TIIO.MAS SMITH, Proprietor. PRIVATE BOARDING HOUSE. ALI5EKT A. MAXXING EKPSAFIRST-CIVS- S BOARDINGIIOUSE Kfor the xccomiiKMlutlnn of wlio pre-l- er a rniiet Iiome to tlie roufusion oj a hotel. Tenns moderate. Olympia.W.T. n'JStf. JAMES F. BROWN, Attorney, Counsellor at Law and NOTARY PUBLIC. EUGENE CIT-Y- - Consultations In the English, French, German and Holland languages. n29. rOUTLAXI) ADVERTISEMENTS. Oregon Steam Navigation Co's Notice. OATS OP TUB COMPANY WILL LEAVE Inrll:md as fnllous : Tor The Dalles: Dally (Sundays e.teepteil) at 5o'clock x. ji. I'or Astoria: Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 5 o'clock .. 31. I'or 31(111 tlcello: Dlly at o'clock A. r. nr J. C. AINSWORTI I, President. LADD & TILTON --B l. JST33LDE3 lEt. S, PORTLAND ..OREGON Extnlliliotl, 18."50. TTVEPOSITS RECEIVED AND ACCOUNTS I bpnt stilifeet. to cheek oil drxlff. INTEREST allowed on TIME DEPOSITS or TRUST FUNDS. In sums of tWK LOI.l.K AND UPWARDS rromdateotuepo.su. Jtnvitr lii iVKIi on nnnroved security. Bonds, stocks and other valuables received on itmuwlt for sn f knllllll7. Collections made and proceeds promptly re mitted. Investments in Real Estate nnd other prop erty made tor imrtiex. SlfflitundTelcgrahle ExchangoonSan Fran cisco and tlie Aiiannc states iorsaie. Government securities oougnt nnd sold. Airent for the transaction of all kinds of Fi nancial and Trust Business. ni K. P. SIIATTUCK. n. K1LT.IN. SHATTl'CIC A-- KILL1X, iVttornej'M-at-L- a m-- . OJ'HICJ?-KOO-- M ?- - DEKUM-- BUILD-- w.ii, ru...Mreei, tiregon. nltr rnor. .ixs GIVES LESSONS ON THE PIANO AT THE Residences of Pupils. rpERMS REASONARLi: Satisfaction Guar-- J. indeed. ti2 MRS. S. J. ItU.MSKY. PORTRAIT AND LANDSCAPE PAINTER, pAN RK FOUND IN HER STUDIO, on the .unit umir ui uKinfii-i- i --suw iiunuinir. from 10 A. M. till 1 r. Jt. of each day bSTLehsosm givist in L.niscapi: Paint-ISO- . nl THE CLOTHING STORE! IS THE PLACE WHERE GENTS' CUSTOM-MAD- E CLOTHING, Hoys nnd YolllliV Furnishing Goods, Hats and Caps, BOOTS AND SHOES, Etc., Ete., Rtc.-- , CAN RB HAD AT Situ iTi-aiioi.s- 3?i-i9c- s I 113 Trout Street, Portland. Harris & Prager. ' Wji. Hakhis, San Francisco, I. PnAdEn, 2u7 I'ortland. FIRST PREMIUM Oregon State Fair, 1S71. THIS SPACK RESERVED FOB H1MES & BACHEL.DER, Sleam Book and Job Printers, who intend fill ing It with an advertisement as soon as they get time to write one. In the mean time call oa them at 9t Front St. If you 'want any kind ol Printing done. njAif UK. J. U. Gl.iar BEST T I S T , 107 Front Street, PORTLAND . OREGON ni DIt. JIAltY A. THOMPSON, PHYSICIAN AND ACCOUCHEUR ...... i riv i', niiair ?sl. in i j00011 hliwn and Main, opposite the tiills attended In any part of the city. Batteries for sale, and Instructions given on the use orelectrielty as a Remedial Agent, nl. J. 3X. FRYER, DE.VI.EU IN BUY CJOODS AXII CLOTHING, Groceries, Hoots, Shoes, Nails, Etc., ...AND PUKCHASEK OF FARMERS' PRODUCE. Highest Cash Price paid for WOOL. CORNER FIRST AND MADISON STREETS 1'OIITLlXn, OREGON. MISS MACN AMARA H.S OPENED of A LARGE AND CHOICE Millinei-j- - Goods, At 71 First SI, bet. WashingtonAStnrk, Next door to Ladd it Tllton's Bank, And hopes hy attention to business and promptness iu executing orders to meet ashare ot patronage. Two first-clas- s milliners wanted immediately. To first-clas- s hands highest wages paid. Also two small clrls wanted as anurentiees. Apply nt the store, 71 First street, immediately. siisjiionn BB 'WlIEltEtm OB-D- Id Mrs. It. Get that Knt liickeiir-- a riIY, DONT YOU KNOW T SHE GOT It at ASCHEKHE1M & BULKUEY'S WASHINGTON MARKET, where they keep all kinds of Fresh Poultry. Game and Fish, and receive by every steamer a splendid assortment of California vegeinuips." N. ft. Cunsignments from the country solic-tie- d. iilltf. Ml'ltPlIY KELLY, nn.i.Es is FAMILY GROCERIES. 101.MM l'i:UllirE,Fi:riTSANU VEGETABLES, Conierof Thinland Washington streets (op-ixisPresliyterlan Church), I'ortland, Oregon. Goods delivered to all parts of the city FREE OF CHARGE. Ill 1)11. 11. It. ntEELAND, tI.VTEOP SAN VIUNCISCO,) X) E IN" T I s a? . ROOM NO. TWO, DEKUMS BUILDING, Cor. First and Washington Sts., Portland. HAD A NUMBER OF YEARS' HAVING in San Fmneleo,iree!competent to do First Class Work In all Dental Operations. Satisfaction guaranteed. Nitrous Oxide administered. Jlcfercncci : Rev. Wm. Roberts, Judge O. N. Denny, Dr. Dickson, Messrs Qulmby and Parkins, and 3jts, Dunlwuy, of tho Saw Northwest, nl SAX FItAXCISCO. THE FLORENCE SEWING MACHINE T7ILL SEW EVERYTHING EBDKD IN " II a family, from lhn IlMirtMt tn turn TJchf. est fabric. It Does .More 'Work, f.n - .I.i CJ Store Kinds ofll'iirk; And lletter AVorlt Tlian any other Machine Ifthcre Is a Florence Sewlnc Machine within one thousand miles of Snn Frmueleo not working well or giving entire miMHetion, If I am Informed of II, It will be attended to without oxpenscofany kind to the owner. SAMUEL IIII.I., AReiit, 19 Sew MontKoiuerj; St., Grand I total Building--, Situ Frnnclso. SESD FOU TIRrtUltS A.M),SlMl'tES'Oc' 'TVORK,' Active Agent Wanted Everywhere, Jan. N, 1371 nil 10m being made by Dr. I. C. Hilgard, under the auspices of the National Academy of Science. Smithsonian Institute will publish the result of these surveys for the general benefit of the community.—The St. Louis Republican
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