The Oregon Caregiver FALL/WINTER 2024 www.ohca.com 12 DATA & RESEARCH many MBIs that have been studied in long term care settings are group-based. But this format may not always work well given resident needs. Implementing programs that can be carried out by someone on their own time and in their own space (an app-based mindfulness education program, for example) or encouraging individuals to practice mindfulness more generally rather than through a formal program may help expand access and participation across care settings. In short, promoting the practice of mindfulness can be a great way to support the health and well-being of residents and staff. Mindfulness should not be intended to replace any treatment; rather it can be used to complement existing treatments, practices, and care routines. Additional research, especially larger studies that include more participants, is needed to better show how the potential benefits of MBIs (and how these interventions exactly provide those benefits) can support residents in long term care settings. But one of the most powerful aspects of mindfulness is that it can be practiced almost anytime, anywhere. Walt Dawson is OHCA’s research consultant as well as an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Science University and a senior Atlantic fellow with the Global Brain Health Institute. References: 1. American Psychological Association (APA) (2024). Mindfulness. https://www.apa.org/topics/mindfulness 2. Chen, S. M., Lin, H. S., Atherton, J. J., MacIsaac, R. J., & Wu, C. J. (2020). Effect of a mindfulness programme for long-term care residents with type 2 diabetes: A cluster randomised controlled trial measuring outcomes of glycaemic control, relocation stress and depression. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 15(3), e12312. https://doi.org/10.1111/opn.12312 3. Gu, J., Strauss, C., Bond, R., & Cavanagh, K. (2015). How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulnessbased stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 37, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.006 4. Hofmann, S. G., & Gómez, A. F. (2017). Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Anxiety and Depression. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 40(4), 739–749. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.psc.2017.08.008 5. Hsiung, Y., Chen, Y. H., Lin, L. C., & Wang, Y. H. (2023). Effects of Mindfulness-Based Elder Care (MBEC) on symptoms of depression and anxiety and spiritual well-being of institutionalized seniors with disabilities: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics, 23(1), 497. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04220-6 6. Kabat-Zinn J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4(1), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3 7. Kriakous, S. A., Elliott, K. A., Lamers, C., & Owen, R. (2021). The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review. Mindfulness, 12(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01500-9 8. Loucks, E. B., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Britton, W. B., Fresco, D. M., Desbordes, G., Brewer, J. A., & Fulwiler, C. (2015). Mindfulness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: State of the Evidence, Plausible Mechanisms, and Theoretical Framework. Current Cardiology Reports, 17(12), 112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-015-0668-7 9. Loucks, E. B., Nardi, W. R., Gutman, R., Kronish, I. M., Saadeh, F. B., Li, Y., Wentz, A. E., Webb, J., Vago, D. R., Harrison, A., & Britton, W. B. (2019). Mindfulness-Based Blood Pressure Reduction (MB-BP): Stage 1 single-arm clinical trial. PloS One, 14(11), e0223095. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223095 10. Nardi, W. R., Harrison, A., Saadeh, F. B., Webb, J., Wentz, A. E., & Loucks, E. B. (2020). Mindfulness and cardiovascular health: Qualitative findings on mechanisms from the mindfulness-based blood pressure reduction (MB-BP) study. PloS One, 15(9), e0239533. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0239533 11. Terry, C., Penland, M., Garland, D., Wang, W., Burton, T., & Dark-Freudeman, A. (2021). Adapting Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities. Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, 7, 23337214211057703. https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214211057703 12. Young, C. C., Kesler, S., Walker, V. G., Johnson, A., & Harrison, T. C. (2023). An Online Mindfulness-based Intervention for Certified Nursing Assistants in Long-term Care. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 41(2), 130–141. https:// doi.org/10.1177/08980101221105709 » DATA & RESEARCH, CONT.
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