Fall 24 www.nvda.org 13 dental techniques beyond equine dentistry to encompass small animal dentistry. Veterinary dentistry originated as an independent discipline within veterinary surgery after the release of “Outlines of Veterinary Medicine and Carnivore Pathology” by Delabere Blain in 1832.14 Although nitrous oxide (N2O) was utilized in human anesthesia since the 1840’s, its prominence in veterinary anesthesia was limited. In 1799, Sir Humphry Davy introduced the notion of implementing nitrous oxide in veterinary medical procedures.16 Despite a limited application period in dentistry, it ultimately proved ineffective in veterinary medicine due to its lack of potency. William Morton, an oral surgeon at Boston Hospital was advised to undertake the anesthesia endeavor. This was followed with the utilization of ether in a tooth extraction in 1846. This became a remarkable advance in the field of veterinary surgery during the 19th century with the introduction of anesthesia. The advancements in human medicine have resulted in favorable developments in the fields of veterinary medicine and veterinary dentistry.15 In current times, nitrous oxide can be used in conjunction with other medications including isoflurane, halothane, and sevoflurane to increase its effectiveness.16 Joseph Bodingbauer, Arthur Mellenby, Louis A. Merillat, Hobday, and Garbutt were among the initial pioneers. During the 1930s, Bodingbauer shed light on the field of small animal dentistry in Vienna. As opposed to horses, dogs, cats, and other small animals gained importance. Arthur Mellenby published a collection of comprehensive papers in 1929 that examined the impact of dietary modifications on the dental health of animals and the progression of dental diseases.17 In the United States, these teachings did not arise until much later. Animal Dentistry and Oral Diseases was published by Merillat in 1905 (Arslan, 2021). Hobday published Surgical Diseases of Dogs and Cats in 1925. Furthermore, dental prevention and prophylaxis were first proposed by Garbutt in 1938.17 There was a significant gap in history until the 1970s. A small but dedicated group of veterinarians created the Veterinary Dental Association (VDA) in 1976. Advances in animal dentistry treatment were initiated by the group. Greater emphasis was placed on the animal masticatory system following the establishment of the organization. The VDA understood the importance of proper oral hygiene and function for an animal’s overall health. By 1987, the VDA recognized dentistry as a specialty in veterinary medicine. These pioneers began consulting zoos for help on veterinary dentistry issues. Their combined knowledge and efforts have contributed to its trajectory today. The specialty has amazingly advanced from a few colleagues conversing over coffee to the founding of a Veterinary Dental College that is widely regarded and forward-thinking. In 2017, The American Veterinary Dental College also introduced a certification program targeted at zoo and wildlife veterinarians. 0 References 1. Emily, Peter P., and Edward R. Eisner, eds. Zoo and Wild Animal Dentistry. John Wiley & Sons, 2021. 2. Lobprise, H. B., & Dodd, J. R. B. (Eds.). (2019). Wiggs’s veterinary dentistry: principles and practice. John Wiley & Sons. 3. Taylor WTT, Tuvshinjargal T (2018) Horseback riding, asymmetry, and changes to the equine skull: Evidence for mounted riding in Mongolia’s Late Bronze Age, Care or Neglect: Evidence of Animal Disease in Archaeology, eds Bartosiewicz L, Gál E (Ox-bow Books, Oxford), pp 134–154. 4. Harvey, C. E. (2021). History of Veterinary Dentistry, Including Development of Oral and Dental Treatment of Wild and Zoo, Safari Park, and Refuge Animals. Zoo and Wild Animal Dentistry, 1–5. 5. Bennett, D. (2017, December). WHAT TEETH CAN TELL YOU: An understanding of the structure and function of normal equine dentition underscores why visits by an equine dentist need to be a regular part of horse care. EQUUS, (483), 49. 6. Trumble, & Marshall, R. M. (2003). The Library of Alexandria. Clarion Books. 7. Erk, N. (1959). İslâm Medeniyeti Çağında Veteriner Tababette Gelişmeler ve “Naserî”. Habl., Yeni Matbaa, Ankara. 8. Erk, N. (1962). Dokuzuncu Yüzyıla Ait “Kitap al-Hayl val-Baytara” Üzerinde Bir İnceleme. A.Ü. Vet. Fak. Derg., VIII, (4), 367–386 9. Erk, N. (1966). Veteriner Tarihi. Ankara Üni. Basımevi. Veteriner Fakültesi Yayınları:195, Ders Kitabı: V+242 S. 10. Easley, K., 1999. Veterinary Dentistry: Its origin and recent history. Journal of Dentistry 47, 83–85. 11. Baer, G. M. (2007). The history of rabies. In Rabies (pp. 1–22). Academic Press. 12. Gardiner, A. (2021). History of veterinary medicine. Handbook of Historical Animal Studies; Roscher, M., Krebber, A., Mizelle, B., Eds, 493–508. 13. Lees, P., Bäumer, W., & Toutain, P. L. (2022). The decline and fall of materia medica and the rise of pharmacology and therapeutics in veterinary medicine. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 777809. 14. Barber-Lomax, J.W. (1961). Delabere Pritchett Blaine: A Biographical Note. J. Small Animal Practice, 2, 135 15. Smithcors, J. F. (1957). The Evolution of Veterinary Art. Veterinary Medicine. Kansas City, MO. (XVII+408 p.) 16. Duke, T., Caulkett, N., & Tataryn, J. (2006). The effect of nitrous oxide on halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane requirements in ventilated dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia., 33(6), 343–350. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00274.x 17. Arslan, E.S. (2021). A Review on The History of Veterinary Dentistry. Animal Health Production and Hygiene, 10(1), 33–38. Featured Article
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